Intro
Big news came out of Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. Donald Trump, former US president, showed up and signed a peace deal paper about Israel and Hamas. It’s being called a 20-point Gaza peace plan, first phase. People are saying historic, some saying risky, some not sure it will hold.
Important note: Israel and Hamas leaders were not in the room. But Egypt, Qatar, Turkey, and others stood with Trump and signed the big doc. They all say this is the step to stop war, free hostages, open aid, rebuild Gaza.
Now, let’s break down everything: history, the plan, summit details, reactions, risks, and what could happen next.
1. Background of conflict
1.1 Israel and Hamas story
For years, Gaza is in the middle of war and blockades. Hamas has been ruling Gaza since 2007. Israel sees Hamas as a terror group, Hamas says resistance. This back and forth made Gaza one of the hardest conflict zones.
- Wars in 2008, 2014, 2021, and the huge 2023 attack on Israel that killed many people.
- After that, Israel hit Gaza very hard. Thousands dead, Gaza in ruins.
- Hostages from 2023 still a big problem.
1.2 Old peace tries
This is not first time peace papers came:
- Camp David Accords 1978, peace between Egypt and Israel.
- Oslo Accords 1993, Palestinians and Israel tried peace.
- Abraham Accords 2020, Trump made deals between Israel and Arab states.
- Many Egypt, Qatar, Turkey attempts for ceasefire in Gaza.
But nothing stuck for Gaza and Hamas vs Israel.
2. Trump’s 20-point Gaza peace plan
2.1 When it came
Trump showed this new peace plan late September 2025. He said it’s a big idea, full package. He called it the “Gaza peace plan – 20 points.”
2.2 What inside
The points (not all public) but media says:
- Stop shooting, immediate ceasefire.
- Release all hostages.
- Israel pulls troops back step by step.
- Gaza gets aid trucks, food, medicine.
- Militants give up weapons or big part of them.
- Maybe foreign peacekeepers stand in Gaza.
- Gaza not run by Hamas directly, but by technocrats (neutral experts).
- World gives billions for rebuild.
- Israel gets security promises.
- Later, talks about Palestinian rights, maybe state.
2.3 Israel and Hamas reaction
- Hamas: half yes, half no. Happy about hostages release, aid, rebuild. Not happy about losing power or weapons.
- Israel: worried. Security first. Netanyahu said thanks Trump, but careful. He wanted proof Hamas will not rearm.
3. Road to the summit in Egypt
3.1 Ceasefire moment
Early October 2025, a ceasefire was agreed. It stopped the bombs for a bit. Hostage deal was in talks. This gave space for a summit.
3.2 Who talked to who
Behind the curtain:
- Trump’s guys like Jared Kushner and Steve Witkoff flew to Cairo, met Hamas reps quietly.
- Egypt worked hard, also Qatar and Turkey.
- US pressure strong. They said: let’s sign phase one now, details later.
3.3 Setting summit
Egypt’s president Abdel Fattah al-Sisi called leaders to Sharm El-Sheikh. Big hall, flags, cameras. Invitation sent to Israel and Hamas too, but they didn’t come.
4. The summit and signing
4.1 Who came
- Donald Trump
- Egypt’s Sisi
- Turkey’s Erdogan
- Qatar’s Emir
- Diplomats from many Arab, Muslim countries
- UN and EU observers
4.2 Ceremony
Trump sat at the middle. Papers signed. Cameras rolling. He called it “comprehensive peace.” Sisi called it “last chance.” Everyone clapped.
4.3 Who missing
Israel PM Netanyahu said he couldn’t come. Said holiday reason. Hamas leaders also not there. They gave quiet approvals behind doors, but not public signing.
4.4 What paper said
The deal paper included:
- Support for ceasefire phase one.
- Agreement to move on hostages.
- Troop withdrawal frame.
- Humanitarian aid open.
- Peace process continues in phases.
5. Reactions
5.1 Arab states
Egypt happy. Qatar and Turkey called it breakthrough. Saudi Arabia said positive. Many Arab states said: maybe this leads to bigger peace.
5.2 Israel
Mixed. Some cabinet members support. Netanyahu cautious. Israeli public split: hostages families want deal, security people worry Hamas wins.
5.3 Hamas and Palestinians
Hamas said: good for aid, hostages. But not clear if they will really hand over power. Gaza people: some relief, food trucks, medicine. But also doubt: is this real or another failed deal?
5.4 US and Trump angle
Trump used big words. He said “historic, maybe Nobel Peace.” He positioned himself as the one who made peace again. Media said: Trump wants big foreign policy win.
5.5 World reactions
UN said good. EU said good. NGOs said: we’ve seen many deals, but they collapse. They want monitoring, real aid.
6. Big challenges ahead
6.1 Trust problem
Israel doesn’t trust Hamas. Hamas doesn’t trust Israel. Without outside monitors, any deal can break fast.
6.2 Disarm issue
Hamas weapons question is biggest. Israel wants them gone. Hamas doesn’t want to surrender.
6.3 Who runs Gaza
Plan says “technocrats.” But who picks them? Hamas will not just disappear. Big fight ahead about governance.
6.4 Money for rebuild
Gaza destroyed. Billions needed. Donors may give, but corruption risk, politics risk.
6.5 Ceasefire breaking
One rocket, one strike, and trust collapses. Many groups inside Gaza not under Hamas full control could spoil it.
7. Possible future
7.1 Phase two
If phase one works (ceasefire, hostages, aid), then comes phase two: bigger troop pullouts, Gaza elections maybe, deeper talks.
7.2 Scenarios
- Best: Gaza rebuilt, aid flows, war ends, talks on Palestinian state open again.
- Medium: partial progress, slow rebuild, small clashes.
- Worst: one side cheats, war returns, deal dead.
7.3 Who will push it
Egypt, Qatar, Turkey, US, maybe EU. Saudis may also step in. UN could send monitors.
8. Conclusion
Trump in Egypt, signing this peace deal, is a big show. It could be historic, could be empty paper. Time will tell. The people of Gaza, the hostages’ families, and millions in the region now wait to see if this will really change their lives.
Peace deals in this conflict often fail. But this one has attention, big names, cameras, world leaders. If it works, it’s a turning point. If it fails, more war, more loss.
